Types of Bones
1. Long Bones
These bones are, as the name says, longer. This category of bones is also usually thicker/wider, and is meant for movements on a larger scale (like walking) as well as heavy support. This means bones like the femur, which is an especially long bone and supports the upper half of the body.
2. Short Bones
These bones are not only short, but far smaller. They are far less for support and more for dexterity and simple motion. As such, you'll have bones like the carpals, tarsals, and other small extremities fit into this category.
3. Flat Bones
Flat bones are shaped essentially like large, flat plates, like armor, to protect organs. The main example would be the ribs, which are thin, curved "sheets" of bone.
4. Irregular Bones
This is the broadest category, as it is essentially a "dump" for any bones that don't fit into any of the three previous categories. For example, vertebrae provide support, but aren't long and don't provide dexterity that short bones do or the protection of long bones. So, they're irregular bones.